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Image of LeGates, R. T. & Stout, F. (eds.), The City Reader
Arnstein, Sherry,
'A Ladder of Citizen Participation' in
LeGates, Richard T & Stout, Frederick (eds.), 2003. The City Reader, London: Routledge

Citizen Participation

This reader, which collates a number of classic texts about globalisation, informatics and urban theory, also includes Sherry Arnstein's paper "A Ladder of Citizen Participation".

Arnstein outlines 10 stages of citizen participation, ranging from 'manipulation' at the bottom of the ladder, to 'citizen control' at the top.

The paper is also online at http://lithgow-schmidt.dk/sherry-arnstein/ladder-of-citizen-participation.html

Tags: citizen-participation citizenship media-participation